• Next we elucidated that the Mtb enolase

  2021-07-16

  

  Next, we elucidated that the Mtb enolase binds to host plasminogen with a high affinity. The KD value of 360nM for this interaction suggested an avid binding between the two proteins in vivo. This observation is also in conciliation with the observed KD values for enolase-plasminogen interactions in

• Our results showed that in elastase

  2021-07-16

  

  Our results showed that in elastase-induced AAA, TGF-β neutralization finely tunes macrophage phenotype. Note that several studies have already addressed the role of M1 markers, such as IL-6 and IL-1β, or M2 markers, including IL-10 and TGF-β.4, 9, 10, 11 The expression and the role of ARG1 in AAA h

• The majority of serpins inhibit

  2021-07-16

  

  The majority of serpins inhibit serine proteases, but serpins that inhibit caspases or papain-like cysteine proteases have also been identified [4], [5]. Inhibitory serpins are ‘suicide’ or ‘single use’ inhibitors that use a unique conformational change to inhibit proteases. This conformational tran

• To analyze EBI expression and its

  2021-07-16

  

  To analyze EBI2 expression and its function in T cells in vivo, we created an EGFP reporter/knockout mouse strain, termed EBI2EGFP. This mouse strain in heterozygous configuration allows for a systematic analysis of the expression of EBI2 in distinct cell types in steady-state and under inflammatory

• Because EBI is expressed on the major subsets

  2021-07-16

  

  Because EBI2 is expressed on the major subsets of immune cells, and small molecule antagonists for EBI2 were recently described (Benned-Jensen et al., 2013, Gessier et al., 2014), EBI2 constitutes a tempting drug target reminiscent of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor superagonist fingolimod/Gile

• br Author contribution br Acknowledgements We want to

  2021-07-16

  

  Author contribution Acknowledgements We want to thank Dr. Manuel Rodriguez, Dr. Ch. Blattner, Dr. Jorge Moscat, Dr. Erwin Knecht and Dr. Peter Tontonoz for materials. This work has been supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and ScienceSAF2011-27442 and a grant from General

• One of the most fundamental

  2021-07-16

  

  One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub signals is substrate monoubiquitination versus polyubiquitination. With the exception of the E2, UBE2W, which represents a special case because it NESS 0327 only ubiquitinates the flexible N-termini of substrates [5], [6], [20], most examples of m

• br Are incretins the only mediators of the anti hyperglycaem

  2021-07-16

  

  Are incretins the only mediators of the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors? Even though both GLP-1 and GIP were identified as substrates for DPP-4 early on [17], [19], [20], [22], and DPP-4 inhibition in vivo raises levels of the intact endogenous forms of both of them [43], [44], fr

• The possibility of harm with DPP inhibitors in patients

  2021-07-16

  

  The possibility of harm with DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with clinically overt heart failure has been recently highlighted by the results of the VIVIDD (Vildagliptin in Ventricular Dysfunction Diabetes) trial (68), the only trial to date that has been designed to evaluate the effects of a DPP-4 inh

• cGAS has a central role in STING activation after DNA

  2021-07-16

  

  cGAS has a central role in STING activation after DNA sensing, but it is unknown if most of the DNA sensors act independently or in cooperation with the cGAS-cGAMP pathway. This was addressed for IFI16 (Almine et al., 2017, Jønsson et al., 2017) and PQBP1 (Yoh et al., 2015) but remains to be tested

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-07-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Although autophagy is known to be implicated in the therapeutic effect of DNA alkylating agents such as MNNG [28], [29], [30], the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy induced by MNNG remain largely elusive. In this study, we present evidence sh

• This pathway appears to have importance in epilepsy DGK

  2021-07-16

  

  This pathway appears to have importance in epilepsy. DGKε(−/−) mice had significantly fewer motor seizure and epileptic events compared with DGKε(+/+) mice [18]. This could be explained by the fact that in the knockout mice a greater fraction of the SAG would be converted to 2-AG. 2-AG itself is kno

• In order to derive a

  2021-07-16

  

  In order to derive a better understanding of the results from our SAR study, we utilized Glide to model the binding of the SAR compounds with the non-active site pocket of TS-DHFR shown in C. The majority of models position the phenolic moiety of these compounds within the non-active site pocket, wh

• In this study EDC NHS crosslinked collagen

  2021-07-16

  

  In this study, EDC/NHS crosslinked collagen films were derivatised with VWFIIINle-containing THPs and the effect on VWF and DDR2 activity was examined. First, we investigated restoration of the binding of DDR2 and VWF A3. Cell behavior beyond simple binding was also investigated through DDR2 glycine

• br Application of the screening system for ITP

  2021-07-16

  

  Application of the screening system for ITP-binding proteins Inosine is a nucleoside with hypoxanthine as a base. Inosine nucleotides are relatively abundant in human XL228 because inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a general precursor molecule for the de novo synthesis of AMP and GMP or a product o

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